Indonesia Tourism Pandemic Coastal Plastic Waste : a Compre-hensive Review

Abstract

Marine waste become more crucial when it came to tourism. Several studies indicate tourism in the world become strong benefactor of economic growth. Indonesia itself has many tourism spot. Being an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands and > 54,700 km coastline. Indonesia has many MD scattered in coastal area. This become more concern because lot of waste of tourism made of plastic. Plastic isn’t easily degradable, even if it was degradeted, it only become microplastic. Microplastic can’t be ingested by marine organism because they haven’t enzyme to disgest it. When it forced to going in marine organism body, its characterization to accumulate work and become toxic compound for marine organism. Waste management become greatly purpose of this review paper. Plastic management for tourism is needed. Recycle action and green waste management should be conducted in respective area. Beside of management waste. There’s also plastic substitute material such as Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). PHB is biodegradable with bacteria and fungi. If plastic can be made with this substitute material it will be great advance for plastic waste management around the world. One of Indonesia advantage is being an topical and archipelagic country, there’s several studies of bacteria that can produce PHB material in Indoneisa, such as B. megaterium or Halomonas elongate. Sago starch also found in Indonesia as a primary raw material for bacteria to processed it into PHB material.