Code Switching and Code Mixing in Film Imperfect

West Java, some people use Sundanese as the language that was first taught in their family environment, while Indonesian is certainly taught in general. When a community group from different regions gather at one time, for example when West Javanese people speak Sundanese, then people appear from outside West Java such as Jakarta, then the community will change the language Abstract: In ordinary life, we frequently speak in a language that is not understood by others. When communicating, we frequently employ language switching or merging, also known as code switching and code mixing. Which seeks to make the interlocutor more understandable. Code switching and code mixing are used in today’s works of art, particularly films, to communicate amongst actors in their own films. This is done not just as a trick, but also because there is a lot of terminology from foreign languages that has been assimilated into Indonesian and is used more frequently. So, the purpose of this research is to look at and learn about the many sorts of code switching and code mixing in the IMPERFECT film, as well as the rationale for using code switching and code mixing in the IMPERFECT film.


Introduction
Language is a tool for both oral and written communication.When communicating in society, we have a tendency to use the appropriate language so that the message can be properly conveyed.Each region in Indonesia has its own regional language.As a result, we can be confident that almost everyone in Indonesia is fluent in at least two languages or bilingualism or multilingualism.This excludes the process of acquiring and teaching foreign languages in public schools or other professional institutions.This is also heavily reinforced by the rapid expansion of the media, which forces people to accept the introduction of other languages, particularly English.Indonesia can be said to be mostly bilingual or even multilingual because there are more than 150 racial groups and 483 languages.For example, in West Java, some people use Sundanese as the language that was first taught in their family environment, while Indonesian is certainly taught in general.When a community group from different regions gather at one time, for example when West Javanese people speak Sundanese, then people appear from outside West Java such as Jakarta, then the community will change the language Abstract: In ordinary life, we frequently speak in a language that is not understood by others.When communicating, we frequently employ language switching or merging, also known as code switching and code mixing.Which seeks to make the interlocutor more understandable.Code switching and code mixing are used in today's works of art, particularly films, to communicate amongst actors in their own films.This is done not just as a trick, but also because there is a lot of terminology from foreign languages that has been assimilated into Indonesian and is used more frequently.So, the purpose of this research is to look at and learn about the many sorts of code switching and code mixing in the IMPERFECT film, as well as the rationale for using code switching and code mixing in the IMPERFECT film.

Keywords:
Code-switching, Code-mixing, Imperfect film used to Indonesian or insert Indonesian so that it can be understood by speakers from Jakarta.This is included in speech events that usually occur in bilingual/multilingual communities.
There are 4 speech events that exist in bilingual/multilingual society, namely interference, integration, code-switching, and code-mixing.The four speech events have similar symptoms, namely the presence of elements from other languages used in writing or expression but with different problem concepts.Code-switching and code-mixing are speech events that usually occur in bilingual/multilingual societies.This situation arises because the speech community has mastered more than one different language so that they can use the choice of language in communication activities.This often happens, especially for students majoring in languages, who in this study, code transfer and mix codes with students According to Hurlock (1993), bilingualism is the capacity to communicate in two or more languages.This is becoming increasingly frequent, particularly in the modern period.since foreign languages are used in practically all modern gadgets.The purpose of speaking in these two languages is to develop effective communication skills based on social variables In Indonesia, code-switching and code-mixing are an increasingly common phenomenon of communication.This is due to the fact that code switching and code mixing may be found in everyday life as well as in developing media programs such as television shows, music, and movies.
Language is a tool for both oral and written communication.When communicating in society, we have a tendency to use the appropriate language so that the message can be properly conveyed.Each region in Indonesia has its own regional language.As a result, we can be confident that almost everyone in Indonesia is fluent in at least two languages or bilingualism or multilingualism.This excludes the process of acquiring and teaching foreign languages in public schools or other professional institutions.This is also heavily reinforced by the rapid expansion of the media, which forces people to accept the introduction of other languages, particularly English.
Code Switching or in the movie IMPERFECT is an event of changing the language used in a conversation.According to Appel in Chaer (2017: 107), the code expert is a symptom of switching language use due to changing situations.While Hymes in Chaer (2012: 107), writes that code transfer does not only occur between languages but can also occur between various a73tau styles contained in one language.Soewito in Chaer and Leonie (2010: 114) distinguishes two types of code-switching, namely: (1) Internal code transfer, where the code transfer occurs between own languages such as from Indonesian to Sundanese; and (2) External code transfer, code transfer that occurs between one's own language and other/foreign languages.
According to Hurlock (1993), bilingualism is the capacity to communicate in two or more languages.This is becoming increasingly frequent, particularly in the modern period.since foreign languages are used in practically all modern gadgets.The purpose of speaking in these two languages is to develop effective communication skills based on social variables In Indonesia, code-switching and code-mixing are an increasingly common phenomenon of communication.This is due to the fact that code switching and code mixing may be found in everyday life as well as in developing media programs such as television shows, music, and movies 1) Purpose of The Study The purpose of the study is to give information on the types forms of code-switching and code-mixing used in the film Imperfect 2) Problem Statement a.The types of code-switching in film IMPERFECT b.The types of code mixing in film IMPERFECT c.The reason the film IMPERFECT uses code switching and code mixing in the dialogue 3) Scope of the Study a.This study focuses on dialogue in the film IMPERFECT, b.Classify the types of code-switching and code-mixing in film IMPERFECT

Sociolinguistic
Sociolinguistics is the study of the interaction between language and society.According to Hudson, sociolinguistics is the study of language in connection to society, whereas sociology of language is the study of society in relation to language.Sociolinguistics studies the interaction between language and the context in which it is used.Language is used by everyone to deliver and receive information.
Also a tool for expressing emotions, such as happiness, sadness, rage, or aggravation.Language and social context are related in the sense that the multilingual community impacts language choice and variations in language usage, as well as the influence of language on the social environment in which it is used and its purposes.
Sociolinguistics is the study of the connection between language and society and the way people use language in different social situations.It asks the question, "How does language affect the social nature of human beings, and how does social interaction shape language?"It ranges greatly in depth and detail, from the study of dialects across a given region to the analysis of the way men and women speak to each other in certain situations.
The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and ever-changing.As a result, language is not uniform or constant.Rather, it is varied and inconsistent for both the individual user and within and among groups of speakers who use the same language.

Bilingualism
The capacity to speak or converse in two or more languages is referred to as bilingualism.According to Trudgil (2003:24), bilingualism is the capacity of a person to speak two or more languages.Nowadays, many people can speak two or more languages, particularly those who live in a bilingual culture.
Capacity to communicate using inscribed, printed, or electronic signs or symbols for representing language.Literacy is customarily contrasted with orality (oral tradition), which encompasses a broad set of strategies for communicating through oral and aural media.In real world situations, however, literate and oral modes of communication coexist and interact, not only within the same culture but also within the very same individual.(For additional information on the history, forms, and uses of writing and literacy, see writing.) In order for literacy to function, cultures must agree on institutionalized sign-sound or sign-idea relationships that support the writing and reading of knowledge, art, and ideas.Numeracy (the ability to express quantities through numeric symbols) appeared about 8000 BCE, and literacy followed about 3200 BCE.Both technologies, however, are extremely recent developments when viewed in the context of human history.Today the extent of official literacy varies enormously, even within a single region, depending not only on the area's level of development but also on factors such as social status, gender, vocation, and the various criteria by which a given society understands and measures literacy.
Evidence from around the world has established that literacy is not defined by any single skill or practice.Rather, it takes myriad forms, depending largely on the nature of the written symbols (e.g., pictographs to depict concepts, or letters to denote specific sounds of a syllable) and the physical material that is used to display the writing (e.g., stone, paper, or a computer screen).Also important, however, is the particular cultural function that the written text performs for readers.Ancient and medieval literacy, for instance, was restricted to very few and was at first employed primarily for record keeping.It did not immediately displace oral tradition as the chief mode of communication.By contrast, the production of written texts in contemporary society is widespread and indeed depends on broad general literacy, widely distributed printed materials, and mass readership.

Code
Variations are referred to as code.Code is organized into four categories: idiolect, dialect, sociolect, list, and language.The code is useful in monolingual contexts, where its use is determined by the variety of the language.In English, for example, there is a great deal of variation.In English the word RUMAH may say home, house, apartment, and so on.Different code usage in a multilingual context is determined by linguistic variability and the specifications for its use as agreed upon by individuals.1) Code-switching Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or variety in conversation.This is one of the numerous techniques to converse bilingually in two or more languages.According to Hymes (1974), code-switching refers to the simultaneous of two or more languages, dialects, or even speech styles.Code-switching, according to Bokamba (1989), is the mixing of words, phrases, and sentence boundaries inside the same speech event.There are several types of code-switching: -Intra-sentential switching -Intersentential switching -Emblematic switching -Established continuity with the previous speaker 2) Code mixing The mixing of one language in another language by the speaker in communication is known as code mixing.According to Gumperz (1977: 82), code-mixing is the use of one language by a speaker while effectively speaking another.A linguistic piece is a term or phrase from one language that has been.
Incorporated into another.According to Hudson (1996: 53), "code-mixing" occurs when "a proficient bilingual communicates with another fluent bilingual, modifying the language without any change at all in a context." Hoffman (1991: 112) distinguishes three forms of code mixing: intra sentential code-mixing, intra lexical code-mixing, and code mixing including a shift in pronunciation.

Reasoning of code-switching and code-mixing
When a bilingual switches or combines two languages, there are several factors from the speaker that must be considered.According to Hoffman (1991: 116), bilingual or multilingual people switch or mix their languages for seven reasons: talking about a particular topic, quoting somebody else, being empathic about something, interjection, repetition used for clarification, the intention of clarifying the speech content.for interlocutor, and expressing group identity.Some linguists use the terms code-mixing and code-switching more or less interchangeably.Especially in formal studies of syntax, morphology, etc., both terms are used to refer to utterances that draw from elements of two or more grammatical systems.[1]These studies are often interested in the alignment of elements from distinct systems, or on constraints that limit switching.Some work defines code-mixing as the placing or mixing of various linguistic units (affixes, words, phrases, clauses) from two different grammatical systems within the same sentence and speech context, while codeswitching is the placing or mixing of units (words, phrases, sentences) from two codes within the same speech context.The structural difference between code-switching and code-mixing is the position of the altered elements-for code-switching, the modification of the codes occurs inter-sententially, while for code-mixing, it occurs intra-sententially.[3] In other work the term code-switching emphasizes a multilingual speaker's movement from one grammatical system to another, while the term code-mixing suggests a hybrid form, drawing from distinct grammars.In other words, code-mixing emphasizes the formal aspects of language structures or linguistic competence, while code-switching emphasizes linguistic performance.
While many linguists have worked to describe the difference between code-switching and borrowing of words or phrases, the term code-mixing may be used to encompass both types of language behaviour.

Research design
The method used is a descriptive qualitative method by recording all the data that appears in the film IMPERFECT

Data source
This study's data is derived from the film Imperfect.where this film highlights the story of a girl's fight with body shaming This film has a running time of 112 minutes and has a lot of conversation in both English and Indonesian, indicating bilingualism.This film was released in 2019, yet it's still worth seeing again because of the various moral implications it conveys.

Data collection
To collect the data, are several steps: -Open t h e application Netflix to watch the film -Transcribing conversation from the film -Transcription validity from credible triangulator

Data analysis
In this stage, all of the data will be processed as follows: Select the data, Researchers utilize this process to choose statements or statement utterances that have code-switching and code-mixing properties.
-Sort data into categories based on the forms of code-switching and code-mixing.
-Discuss the reasons of code-switching and code-mixing

Findings and Discussion
The authors offer their results and discussions based on the data obtained at this stage.The data were examined following the procedures outlined in the previous stage of data analysis, as shown below.

Types of code-switching
Intra-sentential code switching When an utterance occurs within a phrase or sentence border, it is referred to be Intra sentential.Where each phrase or sentence appears in one or more languages.Example: Okay, so what's up guys?Banyak banget diantara kalian yang suka nanya di DM gue Inter-sentential code-switching When a bilingual or multilingual individual shifts from one language to another between different phrases, this is known as inter-sentential switching.Example: ternyata kamu ngankat juga, babe.Don't touch me here!!!

1).
Emblematic Emblematic arises when someone inserts tags from one language into other utterances from other languages.Example: Thank you tant, ini semua berkat kerja keras

2).
Establishing continuity According to Hoffman, the occurrence of continuity to forward the preceding speaker's discourse.For example, when one Indonesian speaker speaks English and another speaker attempts to react in English as well.

Types of Code Mixing
1).

Intra sentential
This type of code-mixing happens at the ends of phrases, clauses, or sentences.Example: dulu kan insecure banged….

Involving change i n pronunciation
This kind of happens on a phonological level, such as when someone utters another language but changes it to a different phonological pattern.Example; Isi kepalanya aku, casingnya Marsha.

Reasons for code-switching and code-mixing
The authors discovered the justification for adopting code-switching or code-mixing in poor films based on the findings of this investigation.

Talking Particular Topic
The first reason is that it discusses a specific subject in one language rather than another.Usually, a speaker feels more free and comfortable expressing their feelings, joy, or even rage via nonverbal language.

Being emphatic about something
This reason is used when someone speaking in a language other than their native language wants to highlight something.3).Repetition used for clarification When the speaker wishes to explain his speech, he will use repetition.He can occasionally utilize both languages he is proficient in to convey the same thing in order for listeners to understand it better (speech repeated).

Intention of clarifying the speech content interlocutor
This is the process.When one bilingual speaks to another bilingual, no code-switching occurs.That entails having the conversation's substance flow smoothly and understandable to the listener.

Interjection
This reasoning is used when the conversation turns heated or the speaker is taken aback.Expressing group identity This type is intended to represent the identity, a n d profile of the speaker

Conclusion
After doing this study, the writer has reached certain findings.The writer discovered that in imperfect films, code-switching and code-mixing are always used in their code.The most common sort of code-switching utilized in the film Imperfect is the one where the actor plays George (Boy William) talking to his girlfriend or his girlfriend's mother.In addition, code-mixing is frequently utilized in imperfect films is intra-sentential.Almost all of the characters in the film utilize this.Expressing group identity is the reason used by the actors and actresses in the film Imperfect.because it highlights his personal characteristics such as biodata, job, career, and so on.